مجله کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور در برنامه ریزی
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 30، زمستان 1396)

Snow is a huge water resource in most parts of the world. So the amount of snow cover in Tabriz basins for water resource management is essential. In recent years, in addition to pixel-based techniques Subpixel techniques also have been used for mapping snow cover Because in most hydrological models require snow cover mapping on a frequent basis and at short intervals is That produce these maps is possible only with the use of images with high temporal resolution. Images with high spatial resolution, The spatial resolution is low or medium Mixed pixels is increased in such images possible. Extract data from pixel mixture, is possible only by using Subpixel techniques. This study follows three main objectives First measurable snow cover using remote sensing techniques without the physical presence The second study to help assess the accuracy of medium and high resolution images (Landsat image) Third LSU algorithm as the best and most accurate way to monitor the level of snow cover. In this study of satellite images Terra MODIS (NASA website) and Landsat ETM OLI (Site United States Geological Survey USGS) was used. To conduct various stages of research Envi 4.8 and ArcGIS 10.3 software was used. The MODIS image Snow level 1850 square kilometers and 1926 square kilometers were estimated Landsat Snow levels And the accuracy of the method for overall accuracy of 90% and kappa coefficient was calculated 86/0. R Square value was calculated for this technique also 93/0. However, due to the precision and accuracy of the values given can be trusted.

The issue of access to urban services is one of the important issues affecting the various dimensions of urban affairs. One of the factors affecting the physical environment of hospitals is their location in the city. The deployment of every urban element in a specific physical position of the city level is subject to certain principles and rules and mechanisms (mechanisms) that will lead to the occurrence of a particular location in case of observance of the functional position and performance of the element and, otherwise, problems may arise.Many urban and mostly profit-oriented settlements are subject to economic mechanisms and free competition, but public and usually non-profit elements cannot be fully integrated into the mechanisms of the market economy, but also need to address public policy decisions and policies in order to compensate for market inefficiencies. Iran has been the rapid growth of urbanization in such a way that it fits properly locating facilities in urban areas are not. Today, the population of cities with social issues - economic new form of city, urbanization, and urbanization have created. Since the health of primary necessity of life is, therefore, appropriate and efficient services to citizens in need, the establishment of health care centers in convenient locations in the city, which plays an important role in providing comfort to the citizens. The issue of site selection, service, and service centers in the city is better. The purpose of this study locating urban hospital in Region 19 in Tehran, Analytical method and it is functional. To achieve this goal of integrating GIS and hierarchical (AHP) and model (Fuzzy) was used in GIS, The layers are required, including the proximity of compatible applications, access to the communication network, proximity to fire stations, population density, distance from medical centers, the distance from the stream, away from fuel stations, distance training centers, the slope of the land, close to the city center and near green space in the geographical information system was developed, And then paired comparisons were performed by Expert choice the software and finally the weighting criteria and by combining layers of information, the most suitable place to build a city hospital was located in this area.

Nowadays, it is very important to exist landscape and we should extend it. This subject is one of the developmental index all over the world and lack of landscape means non-healthy and non- immunity in towns. This paper was as an analytical and descriptive subjects and it is applicable by using GIS (Geographic Information System) systems and informational layers and doing diverse stages for modelling and AHP hierarchy analyzing and getting informational layers and final model. We investigated fuzzy spatial distribution and landscape navigation in Nahavand city in Hamedan state and afterwards we found optimal locations for this thing. Then, we selected three points as the best locations by comparison other locations and by attention to last location was found output square and an appropriate routes for finding these locations. This process has obtained by visible maps in the paper.

Traffic accidents are the most important factors of mortality and severe damage to life and property in under developing countries. Human society especially Iran, has severely threatened by results of traffic and road accidents. Geographic factors are one of the most important causes of these fatal accidents. Among the geographical factors involved in road accidents, climatic phenomena and geomorphologic factors are very important. This study wants to show how climatic and human factors effect on the incidence of road accidents in Mashhad- Quchan axis by using fuzzy logic and Geographic Information System (GIS). Digital elevation maps, geological maps, land use maps, and local meteorological stations statistics and road accidents statistics in the moment and place of the accident was prepared for this study. Then, by classifying the frequency of accidents occurring according to the geographical situation and integrating topographic layers, geology, slope, direction of slope and land use in the GIS environment in the axis with the help of the fuzzy inference system, mapping the risk of road accidents was prepared with high, moderate, low and very low levels. Consequently, the investigation showed that the human factors have a major role (more than 90%) in the incidence of road accidents.

The causes of poverty in rural areas and remedies for its treatment will definitely play a role in raising the level of welfare of villagers, population survival, environmental protection and ultimately realization of sustainable rural development. Therefore, the present study aims to identify and prioritize the causes of poverty in rural areas From the experts' point of view (case study of Sarshiyah section of Marivan city), the statistical population of this study is all the experts of Marivan city. Sample size In this research, 60 people who were selected using purpose of Cochran formula were selected. Data gathering tool in this research was a questionnaire. The researcher has made the narrative by Confirmation and reliability experts using Cronbach's alpha of 0.80. The results of the research showed that the economic, natural, social, political and physical factors were identified as factors affecting poverty in the Srijiwi Marivan section, as well as the results of Friedman statistics. Economic factors ranked first, and social, political, physical, and natural factors are in the next rank of factors affecting poverty.

Recent investigations have demonstrated the global sea level rise due to climate change impacts. Climate change study the effects of increasing water level in the strait between the Persian Gulf and the open sea can be studied data. The probable changes of sea level rise should be investigated to employ the adaption strategies. In this study the impact of climate change on sea level rise at the southern coastal line of Iran is evaluated. The climatic output data of a GCM (General Circulation Model) named CGCM3 under climate change scenario of A1b and A2 were used. Among different variables simulated by this model, those of maximum correlation with sea level changes in the study region and least redundancy among themselves were selected for sea level rise prediction by using stepwise regression. One models of Discrete Wavelet artificial Neural Network (DWNN) was developed to explore the relationship between climatic variables and sea level changes. In these models, wavelet was used to disaggregate the time series of input and output data into different components and then ANN was used to relate the disaggregated components of predictors and predictands to each other. The results showed in the Shahid Rajaie Station for scenario A1B sea level rise is among 64 to 75 cm and for the A2 Scenario sea level rise is among 90 to 105 cm. Furthermore the result showed a significant increase of sea level at the study region under climate change impacts, which should be incorporated in coastal areas management.